Early Western Civilization

Traces the development of western civilization in 20 year time periods from 1050 to the present, in Europe and the New World.


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March 09, 2007

1170-1189 Third Crusade Fails to Hold Jerusalem



This twenty year period covers the reign of Henry II of England who, in 1172, ordered the murder of Thomas a Becket (pictured) in Canterbury Cathedral.

Henry II also backed the second Norman invasion of Ireland in 1171 which subjugated Ireland in the same way that the 1066 Norman invasion had subjugated England.

Henry II's wife and sons unsuccessfully rebelled against him for the murder of Thomas a Becket. His wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, was thereafter confined to house arrest for the next 15 years. In 1189 Henry died and was succeeded by Richard the Lionheart.

In 1170 Saladin asserted Egyptian hegemony over the Red Sea area and the trade route to Asia. He occupied Damascus, became the champion of Islamic orthodoxy and unity under jihad.

By 1185 Saladin brought Aleppo and Mosul under his control and in 1187 Jerusalem fell to Saladin -- precipitating the 3rd Crusade of 1189 which failed to win back the Holy City.

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