Early Western Civilization

Traces the development of western civilization in 20 year time periods from 1050 to the present, in Europe and the New World.


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March 07, 2007

1450-1469 Gutenberg Invents Printing Press, Constantinople Falls



This twenty year period covers the reign of Henry VI whose kingship was usurped in 1461 by the Plantagenet Edward IV. In this period there was constant warfare in the world, but this period was glorious for the 1454 invention of the printing press by Gutenberg and the 1450 Italian invention of spectacles for short sightedness.

The 1425-1454 Wars in Lombardy were ongoing, and then came the 1453 Fall of Constantinople, the 1454-1466 Thirteen Years' War and the 1455-1485 Wars of the Roses.

The Turkish capture of Constantinople in 1453 was significant because it brought to an end the Byzantium Empire which, in 641, was all that remained of the former eastern Roman Empire. It was just a small area around Constantinople, exclusively Greek, which had reverted to its former Greek name - Byzantium. From 641 to 1453 the Byzantium emperors had ruled continuously.

In 1450 spectacles for short sightedness were invented in Italy and in 1454 Gutenberg invented the printing press (which later allowed humanism to spread throughout northern Europe). 

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